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Bidirectional effects of parenting and ADHD symptoms in young children: Effects of comorbid oppositional symptoms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 October 2024

John V. Lavigne Open the ORCID record for John V. Lavigne [Opens in a new window] ,
Karen R. Gouze ,
Joyce Hopkins  and
Fred B. Bryant
John V. Lavigne*
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago and Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
Karen R. Gouze
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago and Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
Joyce Hopkins
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, IL, USA
Fred B. Bryant
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
*
Corresponding author: John V. Lavigne; Email: jlavigne@luriechildrens.org
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Abstract

Psychosocial factors play an important role in the manifestation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and accompanying impairment levels in children. In a community sample of 796 children evaluated at 4, 5, and 6 years of age, bidirectional effects were examined for each of three components of parenting (parental support, hostility, scaffolding skills) and ADHD-specific symptoms that are not associated with symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder. Results indicated that (a) age 4 parenting factors were not associated with changes in ADHD-I (inattention) or ADHD-H (hyperactive-impulsive) symptoms in the subsequent year, (b) ADHD-I and ADHD-H symptoms at age 4 were not associated with changes in parenting factors at age 5, (c) age 5 ADHD-I and ADHD-H symptoms were associated with decreases in parental scaffolding skills and increases in parental hostility from ages 5 to 6 years, and (d) parental support at age 5 was associated with a decrease in ADHD-H symptoms at age 6. Findings suggest that ADHD symptoms can lead to poorer parenting attitudes and behavior, while parental support during kindergarten has a small effect on decreasing ADHD-H symptoms over time.

Keywords

ADHDbidirectional effectsoppositional defiant disorderparenting

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Type
Regular Article
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Development and Psychopathology , Volume 37 , Issue 3 , August 2025 , pp. 1570 - 1583
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© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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